In 1690, after the revolution which brought William and Mary to the throne, the Scottish Parliament decided that the Church of Scotland should be Presbyterian, and that brought about further changes in the music heard in churches. By the end of the 17th century the Sang Schule had gone and the singing was led by a Precentor. Despite the use of the same word, this job was very different from the pre-Reformation post. Instead of having duties to a fixed establishment of singers and clergy, the Precentor’s task was now concentrated on what would have been a very mixed congregation. To enable people with a limited ability to read to join in, a Precentor would introduce a psalm, line by line, which was then repeated by the congregation, as still happens in Gaelic services in the Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland. Although this would have started off in a straightforward manner, it became the universal custom for each person to sing the line after his or her own fashion, so that the tune could become quite obscured in the general collective improvisation. This practice of ‘lining’, a response to the fact that few had their own psalters, was a matter of contention, and in the first half of the 18th century the Church’s General Assembly issued a direction that it should cease; but it was not until later in the 19th century that this came about.